Charles Chocolate case Essay Example for Free

Charles Chocolate case Essay Traelene beals â€Å"9am Friday† First, a formal case analysis This should be written in a business style format using short paragraphs and sentences, self-explanatory headings, and any figures/tables that would facilitate reading. Reports are to be no longer than 2000 words (excluding appendices Issues to be addressed – No measures of productivity or efficiaency in the plant- no way of telling if the plant was doing a good job. Difficult demand forcasting due to seasonality of sales. 2 new stores had ok type sales. Best clients of Wholesale sales changed focus on cheaper items and also own products. Sales agents could be fired with 90 days notice. Other parts of US haven’t heard of us. Of the 221 wholesale customers purchase just $1000 worth of products. Other 125 purchase between 1000 and 2000 per year. Sales agents, don’t know how to represent the all products. Speculating future orders from wholesale clients to customize boxes and logos-waste of capital. 60% of the total online/phone orders were from existing customers. Online sales haven’t grown – orders processed within 3-4 days. Why ship internationaly(only 5%)—Antartica Really Summer problem at Sandwich heaven – why did staff leave? How to get new staff in this tight labour market. Marketing service – old fashioned — Undefined Target market? Packaging ? (tourists publicatins, seasonal print media and radio spots) How to increase awareness without diluting the brand. Leverage on solid search engine raankings to promote online sales Basic website, reminder service to customers-good/bad? Sales agents dint provide links to top accounts. Companies revenues had grown because of Sandwich heaven(franchising) High reliability on tourism. Corporate gift marketing – 25% discount – market was good – Explore boston ? ice cream sales Increase retail penetration? Acquire a niche chocolate company? What about the tradiotnal brand name? Internal capacity? Relocate factory? Background Charles produced high-quality, hand wrapped chocolates, Portland creams. Best quality, many loyal customers across the world. Huge factory(24000 sq foot)-owned-. Only 75 retail and 35 production employees, 20 in management. Working hours 7am-4pm(each day). Leverage long shelf life Wholesale production required early planning and online sales required late production†¦ Production planning was completed by data distortions arising from out-of stock and over stock issues. – out of stock-over production – killed the pricing – by discount pricing. Special orders put the whole order on a stand still Retail stores provided 50% of sales. – Wholesale had 30% of sales – Charles is just used as an add on product. Online and phone – online 4% of total sales. –phone is 6% of total sales60% of all these orders were from regular orders.. Avg sales $138 by phone and $91 from website†¦High growth industry†¦ Sandwich heaven – 10% of sales Industry High demand for organic/dark chocolate- anti oxidant properties.

Sacrifice and the American Dream in the Works of E.L Doctorow Essay

Sacrifice and the American Dream in the Works of E.L Doctorow      Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the works of E.L. Doctorow, many facets of American society are explored, ranging from the plight of the homeless to the idiosyncrasies of the rich. A persistent theme prevalent in all of his novels is the existence of the American dream. He seems fascinated by upward social mobility, especially when it involves the impoverished and underprivileged. Yet Doctorow also points out that with the success or attempted success of the American dream, one must make sacrifices, compromising morality, physical well-being, conscience, or identity. The overall benefits, though, of achieving prosperity, equality, or acceptance seem to always outweigh the adverse affects that result from chasing the enduring dream.      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his most acclaimed novel to date, Doctorow tells a "story of the intersection of three very different families"(Weiss n. pag.) during the gilded era of the 1910's. Titled after the ubiquitous music of the decade, Ragtime chronicles the clashing social, economic, and political ideas that plagued the beginning of the century. The three seemingly separate families provide a cross section of the diverse American culture predominating this period of history. The first household represents the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant(WASP) culture, one which supposedly has already achieved the American dream. The other two families represent certain ethnic and racial groups who strive to attain the dream throughout the novel. But in pursuing this, they are each forced to pay a certain price.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In most of his novels, Doctorow seems "particularly compelled by the stories[of]...poor immigrants"(Righteous 112); Ragtime is no excepti... ...September1980. pp 38-40. Rpt in 19th Century Literary Criticism. Detroit: Gale, 1981 pp. 78 Johnson, Diane. " The Righteous Artist." Terrorists and Novelists. New York: Knopf 1982 pp. 141-149 Rpt. In 19th Century Literary Criticism. Detroit: Gale, 1981, pp. 112-115 ______. "Waiting for Righty." The New York Review of Books Online http://www.nybooks.com/nyrev.htm 5/7/99, n. pag. Litz, A. Walton ed. American Writers Part I: Angelou-Hogan. London: Scribners, 1996, pp. 222-231 The National Experience. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt, 1993, pp. 429 Prescott, Peter S. "Getting Into Dutch" Newsweek February 13, 1989, pp. 76 Weiss, Heidi. "The Revolutions of Ragtime." Chicago Sun-Times October 25, 1998 Willis, Garry. "Juggler's Code" The New York Review of Books Online http://www.nybooks.com/nyrev.htm5/5/99, n. pag.

Importance of Identity and Good vs. Evil in the Epic Story Beowulf Essay

The epic story Beowulf narrates the story of the hero named Beowulf and his legendary battle with the monster Grendel and later on, Grendel’s mother who longed for revenge because of the death of her beloved son (Kennedy).   This epic story, along with many other epic stories, has central themes on the importance of identity and the popular topic on good versus evil. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these two central themes of Beowulf.   This paper is cut into two sections.   The first section discusses the theme of importance of identity in the epic story while the second section discusses the depiction of good and evil within the story. Importance of Identity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story of Beowulf emphasizes the importance of identity (Raffel, p. 135).   In the story, almost everyone introduces himself in terms of who his parents or ancestors were.   Moreover, almost everyone in the story has an act or wants to act to continue the legacy of their ancestors (Anderson).   This very belief mirrors the principles of the people who lived in those times.   These people believed that there is no afterlife and thus, his soul can live forever if and only if he does something of great value that can never be surpassed or forgotten.   In the story, Beowulf illustrates the pride of their ancestry by helping King Hrothgar who once aided Beowulf’s father. In addition to the eternal glory of the soul, these people also believed that by doing something great, he brings pride and eternity to his ancestry. This is what they call the heroic code (Fellow, p. 7).   They further believed that once you defy the heroic code, you will be dishonored by your ancestors, your reputation will be destroyed and your soul will be punished with death —you will not be remembered forever and your children’s children will also inherit this dishonor. Good vs. Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Along with many other stories, Beowulf also tackles the ever famous battle between good and evil.   Our hero Beowulf is the symbol of everything good in the story.   He went to Denmark and bravely told King Hrothgar (king of Denmark at the time) that he will battle with the monster Grendel sailing with only a few men by his side (Raffel).   His bravery also led him to defeat Grendel and later on, face the monster’s mother.   The evil side is symbolized by Grendel, his mother, and his future brother and Beowulf’s son, the dragon. When Grendel hears any kind of noise (to him any sound is considered a noise), he goes on to kill whoever makes that noise without any consideration who this person might be.   Grendel’s mother is an avenger who killed one of Beowulf’s loyal advisers to avenge the death of her son (Anderson).   Beowulf, however, was not threatened by this act and comes to the monster’s lair to kill her. He becomes the story’s messiah — he saved the lives of the people of Herot by slaying all that is evil.   He embodied the good side because of his courage to fight with the dragon.   He sacrificed himself in order to save his people.   Moreover, he is the bringer of more treasures to his own kingdom.   Thus, good and evil in this story symbolizes the eternal battle between God and Satan and light and darkness.   And as always, good triumphs over evil, God wins over Satan, and darkness will never exist in the presence of overpowering light. Works Cited Anderson, Carolyn. â€Å"Gaest, gender, and kin in Beowulf: Consumption of the boundaries†. April 12 2008. . Fellow, W.P Ker. Epic and romance: Essays on medieval literature. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1897. Kennedy, Charles W. Beowulf: The oldest English epic. London: Oxford University Press, 1978. Niles, John D. â€Å"Understanding Beowulf: Oral poetry acts.† Journal of American Folklore 106.420 (1993): 131-55. Raffel, Burton, ed. Beowulf. Reprint ed: Signet Classics, 1999.   

Analysis Of I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings - 837 Words

Welcome, today we will be taken on a journey by deconstructing and analysing the poem I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou. This poem explores the theme of Oppression which illustrates the nature of helicopter parenting upon todays youth. We will include a contemporary source which likewise explores this challenging youth issue. Essentially, this poem displays the damage that helicopter parenting can have on a child’s youth, oppressing them, taking their childhood away from them. Angelou’s poem â€Å"I Know Why the Cages Bird Sings† expresses the idea that freedom is a natural state and knowledge of this fact cannot be rid of by any amount of oppression, limitation or confinement from different opportunities. The poem contrasts a†¦show more content†¦In the last stanza, the caged bird’s song symbolises the emotions and cries of freedom. The combination of the two represents that there is a need for every child to reach their full potential. Something that cannot be achieved with helicopter parenting and the barriers placed upon them. This poem contains another literary device called juxtaposition. The free bird is juxtaposed with the caged bird, both are described but they are very different. Adults need to think about how they use their power over children. Helicopter parenting; is using power that causes children to be restricted and to shrivel up inside rather than flourish just like the caged and free bird in the poem. Angelou’s free bird is a free child, someone who has the freedom to pursue their ambitions no matter how questionably they become. Near the end of the poem it is revealed that the bird â€Å"opens his throat to sing† Maya Angelou felt this way in her own life. She wrote, sang and danced because it was her way of expressing her longing for freedom despite being oppressed for most of her life. Although freedom, to the caged bird, is â€Å"fearful† because it is â€Å"unknown†, he still sings â€Å"a fearful trill†. The cries of help are heard but the overarching parents only hear it as background noise. Maya felt strongly about oppression and this pushed her to make this poem to achieve social justice and toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings 1267 Words   |  6 PagesJoy McQueary Ms. Ball AP English Language 16 May 2017 SAHC: J.M. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings â€Å"Wouldn’t they be surprised when one day I woke out of my black ugly dream, and my real hair, which was long and blonde, would take the place of the kinky mass that Momma wouldn’t let me straighten?† (4) A theme in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is Angelou’s identity struggle as a black female. During this time in the country, colorism and a European standard taught that having black features wasRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou Analysis840 Words   |  4 Pages There is one person that is a civil rights activist, memoirist, a poet and above all a woman, this person is none other than Maya Angelou. Angelou has been a famous American poet since the release of her 1969 autobiography, I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings. Angelou has inspired many people by telling her life story to the public, but not only did she inspire, she also created a very different and personal point of view of the world we live in. The poem’s she has written transition from painRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings 934 Words   |  4 Pageswas born on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. She was a writer and civil rights activist, Maya Angelo u was well known for her memoir in 1969, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Maya Angelou made literary history being the very first nonfiction best-seller by an African-American woman. In 1971, Angelou published Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water Fore I Die that won the Pulitzer Prize-nominated poetry collection. Later, she wrote the poem On the Pulse of Morning â€Å"one of her most famous works whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings984 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel and poem â€Å"I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings.† The book is about her life struggles and the poem is a metaphor about a bird that seeks freedom. The final stanza of the poem reads â€Å"The caged bird sings with a fearful trill of things unknown but longed for still and his tune is heard on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom.† This excerpt of the poem demonstrates how she yearned for her people to get the freedom they deserved. The comparison of the caged bird and the bird that’s freeRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou Analysis1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe type of language that an author uses in his or her work can greatly impact the outcome. One such example of this was in Maya Angelous I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, in which she used certain types of language to characterize herself when she was younger and the society that she grew up in. Her choice of language used in the end of Chapter 16 helps to characterize her desire to quit working for Mrs. Cullinan, her resistance to the discrimination that she puts up with while she works, and theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Know Why The Caged Bird Cannot Sing794 Words   |  4 PagesIn Francine Prose’s essay â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Sing† Prose tends to evoke her unsureness on why schools use certain books to teach students their moral values. Prose argues that certain books should be taught in English classes, that in fact, tea ch students their values. Prose uses several literary examples, such as Frankenstein, How To a Kill A Mockingbird, The Great Gatsby, etc. She also provides several controversial opinions, such as using different books to try and teach studentsRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou Analysis1661 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom of speech. Equally, authors like Maya Angelou have the freedom of speech in our country to write, and in Angelous case, the freedom to write about her life. Maya Angelou, one of the most banned authors in The United States, wrote I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings. Her autobiography depicts rape, explicit language and racism. It has been used in educational settings such as high schools and universities and should be celebrated for its elegant prose and creating new literary avenues. This novelRead MoreLiterary Analysis of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay2756 Words   |  12 PagesThomas Lim December 9, 2010 English 2 Professor Padilla Themes of Racism and Segregation in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the novel I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou. Specifically it will discuss the themes of racism and segregation, and how these strong themes are woven throughout this moving autobiography. Maya Angelou recounts the story of her early life, including the racism and segregationRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Maya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings 1036 Words   |  5 PagesFily Thiam English 002 Mrs. Vilato 9 April 2015 Rhetorical Analysis on â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou In Graduation, a chapter in her autobiography â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings†, Maya Angelou talks vividly about her middle school graduation in the segregated South. Graduation is an important milestone in most people’s life, as they get a degree and move on to their next level, something better and more important, with the hope that they can use their new knowledge to achieve their life goals andRead MoreAnalysis Of Maya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1219 Words   |  5 PagesLike many African American writers in American history, migration is a defining part of Maya Angelou’s life and character. In her memoir I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya thoroughly discusses each of the moves that shape the person she becomes. From St. Louis at seven to a Southern California junkyard at fifteen, Maya’s life is filled with both voluntary and involuntary migrations. Some of these moves are intensely emotionally taxing, while others allow her to grow and flourish. Although her

Humanitarian Intervention Essay - 1198 Words

Humanitarian intervention is the act when states intervene in the affairs of another state because that state is violating the basic human rights of its civilians or because it is in the intervening state’s self interest to get involved. (Humanitarian, 2008) These interventions are not specifically aimed at violating the sovereignty of a state, but rather their purpose is to protect the basic human rights of civilians during civil wars and during crime against humanity. (Humanitarian, 2008) Realism explains that humanitarian intervention came about during the genocide in Bosnia but not in Rwanda because even though it might have been the correct moral action to take, intervention in Rwanda was not in the national interest of other†¦show more content†¦This could have been one of the reasons why there was a large amount of humanitarian intervention in Bosnia. (Snow, 2008) The United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the United States ( US) all made multiple attempts at intervention in Bosnia. A large number of them were not completely successful. The war ended when with a peace agreement mediated by the US. Beginning April of 2004, the Rwandan Hutu started mass murders of Tutsi. This genocide is believed to have spawned from the civil war that was taking place at that time. This civil war was based on issues over power and resentment between the Tutsi and the Hutu. (Rwanda, 2008) Eventually the war escalated to the point where the Hutu began genocide of the Tutsi and anybody who opposed the ideas of the Hutu. The killing of the Tutsis became so common—in a very short amount of time—that it was practically acceptable amongst the Rwandans. (Hintjens, 1999) This was a very brutal and gruesome genocide. In just five weeks, approximately half a million Tutsi and innocent civilians had been murdered. (Hintjens, 1999) This is an astounding number of people, especially because the Hutu murdered the Tutsi at knife point—usually with a machete. (Snow, 2008) Seeing that there was a civil war occurring the time of theShow MoreRelatedHumanitarian Intervention Essay1869 Words   |  8 PagesThe key objections to humanitarian intervention include the conflict of interests with the self-interested state and sovereignty, the difficulty of internal legitimacy, the problematical Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine, and the debate over legality of intervention. The issue of morality stands as an overarching issue which touches on all of these. Overall, one finds that despite a moral imperative to intervene, humanitarian intervention should not occur but is perhaps the lesser of a seriesRead MoreThe History of Humanitarian Intervention1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of Humanitarian intervention is a controversial one. In March 1999 the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) justified the use of force against Yugoslavia, a country that at this time was having a number of atrocities being committed within it. This act welcomed by tho se that thought that the veto of the permanent five in the United Nations Security Council sometimes block necessary cases of intervention. According to Sarooshi (2001) they believe morality should trump legality whereRead MoreHumanitarian Intervention At The 2005 World Summit1460 Words   |  6 Pagesof humanitarian intervention and the responsibility to protect is rooted in the belief that ought to fulfill certain standards of protection for its own citizens. When that standard is not met or the government itself poses a threat to its own people, foreign nations have a right and obligation to protect those citizens from crimes against humanity. This idea arose in the 1990s (which would later be known as the decade of humanitarian intervention) when the US was leading several humanitarian interventionsRead More Humanitarian Intervention Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesHumanitarian Intervention Hypothesis: That despite the incidents where humanitarian interventions have proved seemingly unsuccessful, they are, nonetheless, a vital tool in alleviating the human suffering that so plagues contemporary society. The post-Cold war world is one that has been riddled with conflict, suffering and war. In the face of such times, the issue of humanitarian intervention and about who, when and how it should be employed, has become hotly debated. While some critics declareRead MoreTo what extent is humanitarian intervention an abandoned project1565 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å" To what extent is Humanitarian Intervention an abandoned project? â€Å" Humanitarian Intervention is military intervention that is carried out in pursuit of humanitarian rather than strategic objectives. This term is controversial and therefore often debated, as it is an evaluative and subjective term. The common use of the term itself is the desire to come in help to other people, however according to some other opinions, it is the outcome of the intervention that defines it. Firstly, it is essentialRead MoreArgument Against Military Intervention For Humanitarian Relief1693 Words   |  7 PagesAGAINST MILITARY INTERVENTION FOR HUMANITARIAN RELIEF An understanding of where the Syrian healthcare system stood before the civil war, the toll of the fighting and intentional targeting of medical personnel/infrastructure, ongoing humanitarian efforts, and America’s actions to date enable an informed evaluation of whether or not to use American military forces in a humanitarian assistance role in Syria. This context allows for an examination of the limitations of humanitarian aid, the advantages/disadvantagesRead MoreThe Intervention Of The Usa Into Somali The Causes Of Humanitarian Failure3239 Words   |  13 PagesThe American Intervention in Somalia: The Causes of Humanitarian Failure Abstract: This paper is an analysis of the 1991 humanitarian intervention of the USA into Somalia. The concept of the â€Å"humanitarian† mission is embedded into the analyses of the American rhetoric concerning their newfound concern for the area. The military and cultural reasons for the failure are mentioned, as well as the habitual rejection of UN guidelines for it. In fact, this is an excel;lent example of a botched programRead MoreHumanitarian Intervention : Humanitarian Interventions1541 Words   |  7 PagesBernard Corpus International Politics Humanitarian Intervention Humanitarian Intervention What is humanitarian intervention? Well there is no standardized definition that has been made official, but general consensus typically refers it, as using military force to intervene in another states affairs. A blogger from Ljubljana, Slovenia defines humanitarian intervention as; a state s use of military force against another state when the chief publicly declared aim of that military action is endingRead MoreIntervention Based On Humanitarian Ideals2656 Words   |  11 PagesThe notion of intervention based on humanitarian ideals is not a novel concept in the realm of international relations. Even Hitler maintained that his 1938 invasion of Czechoslovakia was conducted to protect the lives of those Czechoslovaks endangered by their government (Bellamy, 2009). However, the doctrine of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) has attracted significant mention in political discourse and academia since the end of the cold war – not least with the surfacing of st ate-sponsoredRead MoreHumanitarian Intervention2282 Words   |  10 Pages Humanitarian intervention is use of force or other sanctions by one state or group of states against another to prevent or stop the denial of the basic human rights of that states citizens. There is no actual definition of humanitarian intervention, only a basic notion of what it entails and the outstanding question of whether the human rights violations in a sovereign state are reason enough for others to intervene. In past wars the majority of casualties were the combatants, but today’s

Project Quality Management Project Management Essay

In 1994, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defined quality as the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs†. When applying these two definitions to project management it means the inputs used in defining the project requirements from the donor and the beneficiaries must meet the intended objectives of the project. Consequently, project managers have a role of ensuring that all project activities necessary to designing, planning and implementing a project are effective and efficient. This is with respect to the purpose of the objective and its performance. This role can be achieved when project managers carry out project quality management. The misconception that project quality management is a separate and independent process that occurs at the end of a project, and measures the level of quality of the output is misleading because this will be all about finding and fixing errors. A true project quality management is not only a continuous monitoring of quality processes, but also an application of the quality processes in all aspects of the project. Project Quality tools are used to control the quality in a project. This paper comprehensively discusses these tools. Its purpose is to enlighten project managers on the quality control tools that can help them deliver better quality. Project Quality Management: The Basic Tools Used Project quality management is a continuous process that runsShow MoreRelatedProject Quality Management : Project Management1322 Words   |  6 PagesQUESTION 1 Q: Why Project Quality management is so crucial in the completion of any project? Outline the various project quality management processes used. Describe in detail the process of Quality control. a. INTRODUCTION. Within any project there are a number of factors that are right up there and often preoccupy members of the Project Team. These include making sure that the project completes on time, making sure that the project does not go over budget and ensuring that all the team members areRead MoreProject Quality And Quality Management Project926 Words   |  4 PagesQuality is the amount to which a project satisfies the requirements. Project Quality is a set of different criteria and objectives that are inserted into success criteria used by project customers to accept the project results. Project Quality is an explanation of requirements desired by the project clients, and they refer to explanation of: †¢ Relative value of the project results which the customers expect to obtain at certain costs; †¢ Effectiveness of project results gaged by detailed requirementsRead MoreQuality Of Project Quality Management775 Words   |  4 PagesQuality in â€Å"Project quality management† Project quality management ensures that the quality of the project is up to the quantified standard defined by the company. It was suggested by (Gomes et al, 2005) that as a result of similar management techniques in efficiently operating companies globally it can be concluded that the most successful companies focus on maximizing customer’s satisfaction. The various methods important for understanding objectives of project quality management are ISO, PMBOKRead MoreQuality And Quality Of Project Management982 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract This paper explains what the term† quality† is in system projects, different views of stakeholder regarding the term ‘quality’ for a particular system project and also their differences in terms of project’s quality and product. This paper illustrates about the various methodologies used for improving the quality of the project and the steps taken for monitoring the project’s quality. The possible impacts in terms of project planning and control and people involved and means of detectingRead MoreQuality Of A Project Management1768 Words   |  8 Pagessystem lead to high quality of the project. The guarantee of nice quality of a project is essential for project management. The project pass rate achieves 100 % and with excellent rate by more than 90 %, which means as a project management specialist said, it results from first-rate construction organization, project supervision and project builders. During the preparation of Cowboys Stadium, all designers, project managers and builders try their best to ensure its quality, regarding it as an artRead MoreProject Management Plan For Quality Management2724 Words   |  11 Pagesprocess called quality management is created to ensure that all project activities that are necessary to be designed, to plan and finally to implement in a project, become an effective and efficient way to archive the purpose, objectivity and its performance. In a continuous process that usually begins and end with the project. It is more about preventing and avoiding than measuring and fixing poor quality outputs. It is part of every project management processes from the moment the project initiatesRead MoreQuality Issues in Project Management974 Words   |  4 PagesQUALITY ISSUES IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1. Introduction There are a number of issues surrounding the general area of â€Å"quality† in project management. You will need to be aware of some of the requirements of PRINCE (or PRINCE2) as well as the more general aspects of the ISO 9000 and 14000 series. 2. Quality requirements as part of PRINCE PRINCE2 (Projects in Controlled Environments) was revised from PRINCE in 1996 and is the accepted standard for the control of projects in the computingRead MoreQuality Control Project Management1807 Words   |  8 PagesMany failed projects today can be attributed to poor or total neglect of quality standards through lack of Quality control. Quality control, when implemented in a project, helps in yielding profit because the output is usually of great standard whereas when omitted, unavoidable losses are incurred. A project is said to be complete when the output not only conforms to pre-defined requirements but also to quality standards of the category it falls in. e.g. Standard for Quality Management Systems ISORead MoreThe Importance of Project Quality Management2249 Words   |  9 PagesChapter 8: Project Quality Management Learning Objectives 2 ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" Understand the importance of project quality management for information technology products and services Define project quality management and understand how quality relates to various aspects of information technology projects Describe quality planning and its relationship to project scope management Discuss the importance of quality assurance Explain the main outputs of the quality control process The ImportanceRead MoreProject Excellence Model For Quality Management1394 Words   |  6 PagesThe Project Excellence Model(PEM) was set up in 1997 by Roland Ottmann and was derived from the European Foundation for Quality Management(EFQM) model. The PEM model mainly contain two processes; 1) Evaluation of project management process and 2) measurement of the results achieved in a project. Based on E. Westerveld’s research in 2002, the Project Excellence Model link project success criteria and critical success into one coherent model. Given that PEM Model was adapted from EFQM-model whose

Application Of Principal The Law Of Agency †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How Do Application of Principal the Law of Agency? Answer: Introduction An agency relationship is one of the most prevalent and significant legal relations. The relationship starts with two parties. One becomes the principle, and the other one becomes the agent. The sole purpose of the agent is to represent the principal in its dealings. So through the agent, the principal can reach a third party, who is the customer. For example, a cashier in a supermarket is an agent, while the bank is the principal. So through the cashier (agent), the third party (Customer) executes a transaction with the supermarket (Principal). In any agency relationship, it's the principal that controls the conducts of the agent. The Legal in the Scenario of Rodney and Penelope This main issue in here is a question of creation of agency through cohabitation. The law recognizes that a man and a woman living together through cohabitation can form an acceptable agency. In Stone in (Stone, 2005) the work explains this agency as the agency that arises two people are in a de facto relationship. The exact mirror case of Rodney and Penelope was analyzed by Miller in (Miller, 2015) The courts may find an agency relationship when one spouse purchases certain necessaries and charges them to the other spouses account. For example, the courts will often rule that the second spouse is liable to pay for the necessaries, either because of a social policy of promoting the general welfare of a spouse or because of a legal duty to supply necessaries to family members. So as explained above, the main purpose of this agency is to promote the well being of the parties living standards, and it doesnt apply to luxurious properties. The same meaning was given in (Campbell Dennis, 2009) stating that two parties can create an agency by presumption or cohabitation. This type is agency exists through presumption that if a man and a woman are living in a de facto relationship, the woman is presumed to be an agent and can pledge the mans credit for necessaries. The same meaning applies to the case of Rodney and Penelope. The supermarket presumes that Rodney has authority from Penelopes to acquire household necessities. Notably, necessities are things like food, medical attention, and clothing. All things considered, these are mainly things that help in keeping their familys social status standing (Miss Gray Ltd .v Earl Cathcart, 1922). Another point to note is that the agency of cohabitation only exists in the cases of cohabitation but not in marriage. After all, there is also a chance for invalidating this agency. For example, the husband can refute the authority if he expressly forbids the wife on buying luxuries.Apart from the agency through cohabitation, we are also told that Rodney orders groceries online andreceives a delivery of groceries from the local TN supermarketwherePenelope holds a credit account is known to regularly pay outamountsput on that account forthe groceriesthatRodney orders This part introduces the agency through estoppels. According to (Miller, 2015), in a situation where a principal (Penelope) makes a third party (Supermarket) think that another person (Rodney) is her agent, and then a third party (Supermarket) deals with the assumed agent, the principal (Penelope) will be estopped to dispute such agency relationship. Following this explanation, Penelope made the supermarket think that Rodney is her agent by paying all the groceries. By doing this, the supermarket had no otherwise but to believe that Rodney was getting the microwave for Penelope. This is assumed that there is already an existing agency between Penelope and Rodney. For instance, in (Freeman Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties Ltd, 1964) in this cases, The respondent corporation had four managers, but in practice, only one manager executed all the contracts assuming the duties of the Senior Manager. However, he never held that position, so he had no actual power to bind the organization. The other managers were aware but never complained. In one transaction, this manager contracted the Claimant Company, but his company declined to pay alleging that the manager had no authority. The judge held that the respondent company was liable for the misconduct of its manager. In similar case, it can be argued that Penelope had authorized Rodney since he never disupted any of her previous dealing. The issue here is a question on whether the action of an agent can bind the principal with the third party. In apparent authority, a contract formed with between agents with a third party is as binding the same it would have been had the third party contracted directly with the agent. (Carper, McKinsey, West, 2007). This case was well stated by (Mallor, 2013) that Apparent authority confers upon the agent, or supposed agent, the power to bind the disclosed or unidentified principal in contracts with third persons and precludes the principal from denying the existence of actual authority. Thus, when authority is apparent but not actual, the disclosed or unidentified principal is nonetheless bound by the act of the agent. The same case applies to MODO sending Tim to search for an office but instead, he exceed to acquiring a lease agreement. Apparent authority can be actual, expressed or implied, Plus, it could also happen by estoppels. Concerning this case, this study will lean towards apparent authority. Notably, if it happens that the third party will rely on that representation; its no doubt that the principal will then be bound by any of the actions of the agent. So, MODO would be bound by the lease agreement, and this is because Tim made Adam believe that Tim was there on behalf of Modo. In (Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council v Racing UK Ltd, 2005), the court ruled that Mr Sanderson had apparent authority to bind the council the contract. The case applies to MODO, Tim had apparent authority to bind MONDO to the agreement. On the other hand, MODO may argue that he had instructed Tim to just visit and bring back the recommendations. However, it may still not work considering the point by (Mann, Roberts, 2016) that When a principal appoints an agent to a position in an organization, the third parties may reasonably believe that an agent has the authority to do those acts customary of an agents in such a place. Comparably, a similar comment was made by the judge in (Panorama Developments (Guildford) Ltd v Fidelis Furnishing Fabrics Ltd, 1971) In this case; the secretary had entered into a contract while the principal was away. The principal argued that the secretary had implied authority. In the ruling, the judge held, "The secretary is the chief administrative officer of the company so he has ostensible authority with administrative matters." Similarly, Tim is the chief administrator to MODO and therefore has the apparent authority to bind MODO with Adam. Role of Apparent Authority to Establishing the Existence of the Principal-Agent Relationship Business transactions will have to overlook the limits to express or implied authority for them to operate efficiently. In other words, limiting the application of apparent authority is the same as bringing the principal to the work to conduct transactions. Apparent authority enables the agent to use its own judgment in making decisions where express or implied instructs do not provide for the arising issues. This one is the specific reason why the agents are allowed to execute transactions on behalf of the principle. In (Jones, Sufrin, 2016), the work states that there is need to have apparent authority to substantially decrease the costs that would arise if inquiries were to be made to the principal every time there is a transaction that's not covered in the provisions of actual authority However, the perception of apparent authority has been struggling with the mischief of the agents. There are situations where an agent within apparent authority has committed fraud or errors drawing the principal causing the third party to sue the principal. There is a need to understand that, when an agent enters into a contract with a third party, the final contract is between the third party and the principal. Nevertheless, the courts have always reasoned to prevent the misconduct of the agent from enrichment and fraud as in In (Skandinaviska Enskilda v. Asia Pacific Breweries, 2011). In this case, the Court dismissed the reasoning that the defendants finance director had apparent authority to undertake the money that the plaintiff had given him. Role Of Apparent Authority To Establishing The Scope Of The Agents Power To Bind The Principal With Third Parties For the protection of transactions, agency law has evolved to create the concept of apparent authority as the ground for transactions. This doctrine facilitates the operations by having the agent represent the principal where both contracts and claims would not be possible with the original principal. This reasoning was held in (Ermoian v. Desert Hospital, 2007) where the court held that In the medical context, vicarious liability has been extended to a hospital entity under a theory of ostensible agency for the acts of nonemployee physicians who perform services on hospital premises Apparent authority arises in different cases. It can arise where the parties terminated their agency relationship, but the third party doesn't have such information. Also, it can arise after the termination or limitation of actual authority, yet the principal has not communicated to the third party (Kleinberger, 2008). It can still occur even where there has been an established agency relationship forged between the agent and principal (Ghaly, Wilken, 2012). Due to ineffective communication or lack information on the side of the third party, apparent authority allegedly comes into force to protect third parties. The manifestation of Estoppels and apparent authority can be established in the following ways. There must be a representation from the principal by words or conduct that the agent has authority (Rama Corp Ltd v. Proved tin General Inv. Ltd, 1952). The law requires that third party demonstrates that it acted due to the misrepresentation of the principal by the agent (Baskind, 2015). Ultimately, its vital to note that the appearance of authority must have arisen from the principal's previous conducts as held in (Sigma Cable (Pte) Ltd v NEI Parsons Ltd, 1992) Conclusion The paper looked at the main principles of agency through that can be formed when people are cohabiting. It also looked at the principles of apparent authority. The goal was to analyze the formation of apparent authority and how its effect can lead to binding both the third party and the principal. Therefore, there is always a need for agents to act with diligence and credibility to maintain their good relationship with the principal. References Miller, R. (2011). 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